Encyclopædia Britannica. Madrid, 1952. Philip IV was born in Royal Palace of Valladolid, and was the eldest son of Philip III and his wife, Margaret of Austria. [citation needed] Historians' estimation of Philip gradually improved in the 20th century, with comparisons between Philip and his father being increasingly positive – some noting that he possessed much more energy, both mental and physical, than his diffident father.[5]. [22] Philip's relationship with Olivares, however, was not a simplistic one. In 1615, after years of profligate spending in Seville, where he became a generous patron of men of letters, Olivares finally succeeded in securing a post at court as a gentleman in the household of the young prince Philip, the heir to the throne. Philip IV (Spanish: Felipe, Portuguese: Filipe; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665) was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. [74] This committee excluded John Joseph, Philip's illegitimate son, resulting in a chaotic powerplay between Mariana and John Joseph until his death in 1679. He was appointed chief minister on the accession (1621) of Philip IV… The Spanish treasure fleet of 1628 was captured by the Dutch, and Spain's ability to borrow and transfer money across Europe declined sharply. [70] He asked her to correspond with him and to advise him in spiritual matters. [45] Even after the disastrous Battle of the Downs, Philip remained closely interested in his navy, including ensuring ministerial attention. This would have involved establishing a force of 140,000 paid soldiers, supported by equitable taxes from across the Empire, and has been termed 'the most far-sighted proposal of any statesman of the age';[51] in practice, however, it met fierce opposition from the various regional assemblies and the plan was withdrawn. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Plans for an ecclesiastical career, however, had to be abandoned when his surviving elder brother died suddenly in 1604. A Palace for a King: The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV. Philip obtained paintings from across Europe, especially Italy, accumulating over 4,000 by the time of his death; some have termed this unparalleled assemblage a 'mega-collection'. In 1615, King of Spain Philip III of Habsburg charged him with assisting the Crown Prince, Philip IV. PHILIP IV (SPAIN) (1605–1665), king of Spain (1621–1665). Renewal of the Dutch War coincided with a change in the Spanish government. A masterful biography of Don Gaspar de Guzmán, Count Duke of Olivares―righthand advisor to Spain’s Philip IV, archrival of Cardinal Richelieu, and a central figure in seventeenth-century Europe. His daughter's death in 1626 after giving birth to a stillborn child was the great personal tragedy of Olivares's life, dashing his hopes of perpetuating the family line. Court theatre used perspective scenery, a new invention from Italy not used in commercial theatre at the time. The Catalan rebellion dragged on for several years. Olivares advised Philip that the coming war with France would be all or nothing; Spain would win or fall by the result.[36]. He attempted to impose a strong centralizing policy and eventually provoked rebellion and his own fall. An alliance of Catalan rebels and French royal forces proved challenging to suppress, and in trying to mobilise Portuguese noble support for the war, Olivares triggered a second uprising. Following Olivares' fall from power amidst the crisis of 1640–1643, the victim of failed policies and jealousy from the nobles excluded from power, Philip initially announced that he would rule alone, becoming in effect his own first minister. Customer Book Reviews. Philip's advisors recommended prioritising the war in Flanders, taking action to safeguard the Spanish Road to the Netherlands but at the cost of antagonising Louis XIII. Olivares made it his business to acquire the most complete influence over the yotuig prince. 2003. [4] Victorian historians even attributed the early death of Baltasar to debauchery, encouraged by the gentlemen entrusted by the king with his education. The spark of reform from Philip's earlier years never returned, however. Numerous artists from the Spanish Netherlands produced work extolling the Army of Flanders, including Vrancx, Snaeyers, Molenaer and de Hondt. [71] The various mystics were not acceptable to broader Spanish noble opinion and, with de Haro's encouragement, they were ultimately dismissed.[70]. Although interpretations of Philip's role in government have improved in recent years, Diego Velázquez's contemporary description of Philip's key weakness – that 'he mistrusts himself, and defers to others too much' — remain relevant. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. [54] Financial restraints and higher taxes were put in place, but Philip was increasingly selling off regalian and feudal rights, along with much of the royal estate to fund the conflict. Philip IV's principal minister for the first two years of his reign, however, was Olivares's uncle, don Baltasar de Zúñiga. [66] Older interpretations, which perceived Philip's court as being completely decadent, have been largely superseded, but the art and symbolism of the period certainly did not reflect the wider threat and decline of Spanish power. Philip V, born in V…, Philip IV (1605-1665) was king of Spain from 1621 to 1665. On his return from Zaragoza, where he had been commanding the army, he found only one of the Castilian nobility arrived at court on Easter Day 1641. [1] Philip had seven children by Elisabeth, with only one being a son, Balthasar Charles, who died at the age of sixteen in 1646. It has been suggested that the writers of the period who best capture Philip's view of royal authority were Justus Lipsius and Giovanni Botero, who promoted religiously inspired, stoic self-sacrifice and a view of Habsburg family-led hegemony respectively. Philip IV was born in Valladolid, and was the eldest son of Philip III and his wife, Margaret of Austria. The king and Velázquez shared common interests in horses, dogs and art, and in private they formed an easy, relaxed relationship over the years. Felipe IV of Spagna, 16 Maravedis, 1661, Copper, The examples and perspective in this section. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. In 1646, de Haro was personally involved in supplying and equipping the Atlantic fleet from Cadiz. No man ever served his monarch with greater devotion. Internationally, it was important for Spanish prestige for her to receive at least a proportionate, and ideally greater, share of new saints than other Catholic kingdoms, and Philip sponsored a flurry of texts and books supporting Spain's candidates, particularly in competition with Catholic France. noun Conde-Ducque de, title of Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimental. Philip IV came to power as the influence of the Sandovals was being undermined by a new noble coalition, led by Don Baltasar de Zúñiga. Marañón, Gregorio. . Whilst married to Elisabeth, Philip had placed their children under the protection of this image; married to Mariana, they undertook special religious ceremonies together under the gaze of the painting. The feared tercio regiments, composed of well-disciplined pikemen, were increasingly appearing inflexible and outmoded in the face of the new Swedish and Dutch formations with a higher proportion of musketeers. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919. This would lead Philip to renew hostilities with the Dutch in 1621 in an attempt to bring the provinces to the negotiating table with the aim of achieving a peace treaty favourable to Spanish global interests. Stradling, R. A. Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621–1665. Philip IV came to power as the influence of the Sandovals was being undermined by a new noble coalition led by Don Baltasar de Zúñiga, who first began to develop his own influence over Prince Philip and then introduced his nephew Olivares to the prince, then aged ten. OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMÁN Y PIMENTEL, COUNT OF (1587 – 1645), Spanish statesman. A ministerial career that had started amid high hopes and expectations ended therefore in defeat. Brown, Jonathan, and J. H. Elliott. [42] Philip is credited with a 'sensible, pragmatic approach' to provisioning and controlling it. As prime minister from 1621 to 1643, he over-exerted Spain in foreign affairs and unsuccessfully attempted domestic reform. In keeping with their wider agenda of renewing the concepts of duty, service and aristocratic tradition, the king agreed to efforts to introduce more grandees into the higher ranks of the military, working hard to overcome the reluctance of many to take up field appointments in the Netherlands and elsewhere.[41]. OLIVARES. Đời tư. The threat of Philip's being deposed by the grandees of Castile seemed increasingly real. The Count-Duke of Olivares was Philip IV’s powerful prime minister between 1621 and 1643. Velazquez was King Philip IV’s favorite painter Equestrian Portrait of the Count-Duke of Olivares , Diego Velazquez, 1634-1635 Article continues below advertisement [48] Each part had different taxation, privileges and military arrangements; in practice, the level of taxation in many of the more peripheral provinces was less than that in Castile, but the privileged position of the Castilian nobility at all senior levels of royal appointment was a contentious issue for the less favoured provinces. From this point onwards Spain was on a collision course with the France of Cardinal Richelieu, although war between © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. 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Carter, "The Nature of Spanish Government After Philip II. [14] Philip clearly believed that Maria could intercede with God on his behalf and provide advice on what God wished him to do, to improve Spain's failing fortunes. Count-Duke of Olivares Conde-Duque de Olivares (Count-duke of Olivares), Gaspar de Guzmán y Pimental (b. [63] Despite some jealousy from the existing court painters, Velázquez rapidly became a success with Philip, being retained for the rest of his career until his death, painting a celebration of the Treaty of the Pyrenees for Philip.
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