Part 1: Major Geographical Concepts Geographical concepts include location, place, scale, space, pattern, nature and society, networks, flows, regionalization, and globalization. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you. Place names sometimes reflect the cultural history of a place, and a change in place name is often culturally motivated. [4] Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. Concepts of culture - Definition of culture . Diffusion . Chapter 6 terms, Language. ... toponyms: The name given to a portion of Earth's surface. AP Human Geography world regions quiz. Toponymy is concerned with the linguistic evolution (etymology) of place-names and the motive behind the naming of the place (historical and geographical aspects). Once the name had been adopted by visual transfer, it was pronounced according to the adopting language’s standards. For a discussion of the origins of place names themselves, see, "Toponymics" redirects here. Search this site. PLAY. ", Hargitai, Henrik I., Hugh S. Greqorv, Jan Osburq, and Dennis Hands. AP Human Geography Chapter 6. Prepositional place-names used in a descriptive sense are more rare in English. If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form. Toponymy, also toponymics or toponomastics (from Ancient Greek: τόπος / tópos, 'place', and ὄνομα / onoma, 'name') is the study of toponyms (proper names of places, also known as place name or geographic name), their origins and meanings, use and typology. These names have a unique feature of being conservative since they remain relevant years after different people invade the region. Traits. ... AP Human Geography Self-Study and Homeschool. In 2002, the United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names acknowledged that while common, the practice of naming geographical places after living persons could be problematic. RustyOperation. Toponyms can be divided in two principal groups: Various types of geographical toponyms (geonyms) include, in alphabetical order: Various types of cosmographical toponyms (cosmonyms) include: It can be argued that the first toponymists were the storytellers and poets who explained the origin of specific place names as part of their tales; sometimes place-names served as the basis for their etiological legends. AP Test Studying. Thus, for example, the toponym of Hellespont was explained by Greek poets as being named after Helle, daughter of Athamas, who drowned there as she crossed it with her brother Phrixus on a flying golden ram. Synonyms: placename, nomen loci Hyponyms: hydronym, oronym 2003, William C. Wonders, Canada's Changing North, →ISBN, page 207: As we celebrate one hundred years of official 'standardization' of Canadian toponyms, this would be an appropriate time to reflect upon the state of toponyms used by the Aboriginal people of Canada. About AP Human Geography. Play this game to review Other. The transfer of many place-names occurred between French and English settlers of North America through folk etymology. No other country planted more than 400,000 hectares of GM crops. PLAY. Studies within a language usually follow three basic assumptions: every place-name has a meaning, including place-names derived from personal names; place-names describe the site and record some evidence of human occupation or ownership; once a place-name is established or recorded, its phonetic development will parallel the language’s development. Religious toponym: This refers to the origin and meaning of the names of religions. A place-name is a word or words used to indicate, denote, or identify a geographic locality such as a town, river, or mountain. Match. Phonetic transfer is the most common means of place-name transfer between languages. If you are signed in, your score will be saved and you can keep track of your progress. Indo-European language synonyms, Indo-European language pronunciation, Indo-European language translation, English dictionary definition of Indo-European language. "[32], Toponyms not only illustrate ethnic settlement patterns, but they can also help identify discrete periods of immigration.[33][34]. A toponymist, through well-established local principles and procedures developed in cooperation and consultation with the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN), applies the science of toponymy to establish officially recognized geographical names. A cultural landscape can be associated with a person or event. Human Geography > AP Human Geography Final > Flashcards ... What are the major components that make up the definition of language as spoken by humans? Terms in this set (27) language. This involves the spoken transfer of a place-name from one language to another. In 1954, F. M. Powicke said of place-name study that it "uses, enriches and tests the discoveries of archaeology and history and the rules of the philologists. James, Clive. Syncretism . Match. Study free AP Human Geography flashcards and improve your grades. Gravity. Examining changes in place name geography is a useful insight into the changing cultural context of a place. This data may be disseminated in a wide variety of formats, including hard-copy topographic maps as well as digital formats such as geographic information systems and Google Maps. Toponymy also involves the study of place-names within and between languages. Czy nauka zajmująca się nazewnictwem miast to onomastyka? English settlers migrating into these areas accepted the French naming convention, but since the French did not colonize the areas heavily, many of the smaller bodies of water in these regions were named under the English convention of specific first. "When 'what' is 'where': A linguistic analysis of landscape terms, place names and body part terms in Marquesan (Oceanic, French Polynesia). For Mrs. McCaskill's Class. Total Cards. Unit III. Printer Friendly. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Hercus, Luise, Flavia Hodges, and Jane Simpson. A … religious toponym definition ap human geography. Test. A toponymist relies not only on maps and local histories, but interviews with local residents to determine names with established local usage. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. CHANGING TOPONYM REASON EXAMPLE(S) Flashcards. Linguistic information like words and personal names, not mentioned in literature, can also be found through toponymy. Toponymy, also toponymics or toponomastics is the study of toponyms, their origins and meanings, use and typology. Unit 1: Thinking Geographically; Unit 2: Populations & Migrations; Unit 3: Cultural Patterns & Processes; Unit 4: Political Patterns & Processes; Unit 5: Agricultural Patterns & Processes; Unit 6: Urbanization Patterns & Processes ; Unit 7: Industrialization & … Sign up here. Most of the world’s languages can be divided into two groups based on the general tendency to have the specific either precede or follow the generic. https://www.britannica.com/science/toponymy. Click on an area on the map to answer the questions. Geography for GIS Written by Robert Slobodian, Malaspina University-College. The study of such place-names is known as toponymics or toponymy —a branch of onomastics. Created by. The Human Imprint’s Illustrated Human Geography Primer. Noun 1. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature,[6] and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features. 2 years ago by . Karen Mccormick. Renewed interest in completing the remaining sheets of the International Map of the World, collaborations resulting from military alliances,…, …set of place-names is called toponymy, and their study is called toponomastics. For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums. The process of folk etymology usually took over, whereby a false meaning was extracted from a name based on its structure or sounds. The study of such place names is known as toponymics or toponymy--a branch of onomastics. The names of certain toponyms can reflect past origins such as Santa Barbara (santa-saint). Gravity. Definition of Sense of Place No two places on earth are exactly alike; each place has characteristics that make it unique.In geography, geographers use place to define this uniqueness. "Global Status Secularism. Generic toponyms of the United States. Folk etymology is based on the sound of the place-name and is therefore similar to phonetic transfer. Updates? Toponymy definition is - the place-names of a region or language or especially the etymological study of them. 1303 plays. AP Human Geography: Chapter 5 Vocabulary questionCreolized Language answerDefinition: a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people The science of place-names, or toponymics, has become a significant specialty since World War II, and efforts have been made to establish uniform usages and standards of transliteration throughout the world. TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLES (AT LEAST 2) ... provide several examples that address the changing toponyms that are found in the world. Environmental Determinism- A 19th and early 20th century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. ". Definition; dialect: A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. Toponyms are places that reflect cultural identity in a specific cultural landscape. Geography. 2009. Toponyms … [35], In the same vein, writers Pinchevski and Torgovnik (2002) consider the naming of streets as a political act in which holders of the legitimate monopoly to name aspire to engrave their ideological views in the social space. Developed by Chinese man Confusious, is a complex system of moral, social, political, and religious thought. In a more specific sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponymics or toponomastics. The influence of French and Spanish created many exceptions to the tendency in English in the United States to have the specific first. Final Project. Test. Symbols

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alternatives Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. renaming streets, as both the celebration of triumph and the repudiation of the old regime is another issue of toponymy. It is not to be confused with, "Place name" redirects here. [5] A person who studies toponymy is called toponymist. As printing became more important over the years, place-names were adopted between countries and languages directly from maps by visual transfer. globalization ap human geography. Folk etymology occurs when the sounds of one language will not easily convert to the sounds of the second language, as in phonetic transfer. This page was last edited on 20 January 2021, at 07:47. A specific name serves to restrict or modify the meaning of the place-name. AP Human Geography. Over the years, it has also been noted that a map producer used the name Persian Gulf in a 1977 map of Iran while retaining the fictitious term Arabian Gulf in another 1977 map focusing on the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, underlying the occasional spilling of place names issues into the economic sphere.[40]. dialect. United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, London, 10–31 May 1972, United Nations Dept. A habitation name denotes a locality that is peopled or inhabited, such as a homestead, village, or town, and usually dates from the locality’s inception. 9th - 12th grade . Toponymy divides place-names into two broad categories: habitation names and feature names. CONCEPT NAME. A placename. In his Names on the Globe, George R. Stewart theorizes that Hellespont originally meant something like 'narrow Pontus' or 'entrance to Pontus', Pontus being an ancient name for the region around the Black Sea, and by extension, for the sea itself. Created by. AP Human Geography. Individual geographic names boards include: Branch of onomastics in linguistics, study of place names, This article is about the study of place names. It can be thousands of acres or a tiny homestead. A place-name is a word or words used to indicate, denote, or identify a geographic locality such as a town, river, or mountain. Little or no knowledge of the language from which the place-name originated is required. A branch of Islam that accepts Ali as the successor to Muhammad and rejects the first 3 caliphs. In English the specific usually comes first, while in French the specific generally follows the generic. answer. Spell. The influence of other languages creates exceptions to this generalization. Flashcards. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. We hope your visit has been a productive one. [7], According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word toponymy first appeared in English in 1876. [citation needed]. Term. Transportation Accessibility and Geography . peachplumpear. Toponymy, taxonomic study of place-names, based on etymological, historical, and geographical information. Therefore, the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names recommends that it be avoided and that national authorities should set their own guidelines as to the time required after a person's death for the use of a commemorative name. The names of different regions are derived from the culture of the people living there or another area. STUDY. A toponym is a place name or a word coined in association with the name of a place. AP Human Geography Language. [5] A person who studies toponymy is called toponymist. Culture hearth . 2020 AP Test Changes Due to COVID-19. Toponyms; DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES. Course Syllabus. [1][2][3] In a more specific sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponymics or toponomastics. Corrections? Learn. 2. Berg, Lawrence D. and Jani Vuolteenaho. Shoulds Similarities with other religions Be moral and righteous Like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, Sikhs believe in one God Avoid drugs and alcohol Started in about 1508 A.D. The name, however, is probably derived from an older language, such as Pelasgian, which was unknown to those who explained its origin. Według jakich kategorii dzieli się pochodzenie nazw? Also, in some countries (especially those organised on a federal basis), subdivisions such as individual states or provinces will have individual boards. Relocation diffusion . This is most evident in the naming of many larger bodies of water, such as Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, or Lake Champlain, that were first explored and settled by the French. 16 What are some different rituals that can be found in various religions? Semester Final Study Guide. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. What does this AP Human Geography term mean? STUDY. [39], Frictions sometimes arise between countries because of toponymy, as illustrated by the Macedonia naming dispute in which Greece has claimed the name Macedonia, the Sea of Japan naming dispute between Japan and Korea, as well as the Persian Gulf naming dispute. Generalized definition of centripetal and centrifugal without explicit reference to “viability of a state” OR AP Human Geography Scoring Guide Unit 3 FRQ Practice (Digital Learning) Preview this quiz on Quizizz. [31], Place names provide the most useful geographical reference system in the world. Cultural landscapes are landscapes that have been affected, influenced, or shaped by human involvement. French names occur frequently in the Southeast and…. Most countries have such a body, which is commonly (but not always) known under this name. Omissions? 2006, … of Economic and Social Affairs, "Naming the past: The significance of commemorative street names", "Geographies of toponymic inscription: new directions in critical place-name studies", "Toponymy and Geopolitics: The Political Use — and Misuse — of Geographical Names", "Place Name Etymology: Common Elements in Danish Place Names", Planetary Maps: Visualization and Nomenclature, Development of a Local Toponym System at the Mars Desert Research Station, "Onomastic Terminology: An International Survey", An Index to the Historical Place Names of Cornwall, “Indian Place Names—Aquidneck Indian Council”, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toponymy&oldid=1001569678, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 2007. ... Toponyms. ... Toponyms . geography, or culture of the region to the people that live there. Cablitz, Gabriele H. 2008. The study of place-name transfer from one language to another is undertaken by investigating oral and written methods of place-name communication. Isogloss. Study free AP Human Geography flashcards and improve your grades. AP Human Geography. [37] Also, in the context of Slavic nationalism, the name of Saint Petersburg was changed to the more Slavic sounding Petrograd from 1914 to 1924,[38] then to Leningrad following the death of Vladimir Lenin and back to Saint-Peterburg in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union. Toponymy can uncover important historical information about a place, such as the period of time the original language of the inhabitants lasted, settlement history, and population dispersal. Habitation and feature names are either generic or specific, or a combination of the two. Since then, toponym has come to replace the term place-name in professional discourse among geographers. Toponymists are responsible for the active preservation of their region's culture through its toponymy. Differences with other religions Unlike Christianity, Sikhs believe in salvation through meditation Through toponyms, we can learn the religion, founder, and origin of a place's original settlers. Accessibility in regards to geography is an important element in mobility for people, freight, or information. 2009. Most toponymic studies have concentrated on the specific aspect of the place-name. [citation needed]. Consistency and accuracy are essential in referring to a place to prevent confusion in everyday business and recreation. Unit 4. In the chart below, provide a definition and several examples to the terms below. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Summer Assignment 2015. Toponymy, taxonomic study of place-names, based on etymological, historical, and geographical information. [36] Similarly, the revisionist practice of [citation needed] They typically ensure the ongoing development of a geographical names database and associated publications, for recording and disseminating authoritative hard-copy and digital toponymic data. Geography was there for the study of how the physical environment caused human activities. Learn. What is the BEST definition of “language”? After 1830, in the wake of the Greek War of Independence and the establishment of an independent Greek state, Turkish, Slavic and Italian place names were Hellenized, as an effort of "toponymic cleansing." Mobility is determined by people and affects infrastructure, transport policies, and regional development. A generic name refers to a class of names such as river, mountain, or town. Toponyms are derived from place names. A person will listen to the place-name spoken and then phonetically render the place-name in his or her own language, creating at best a close approximation. Most toponymy, however, has concentrated on the etymological study of habitation names, often neglecting the study of feature names and the motive behind the naming of the place. From this discussion you can introduce the term “Toponymy” and begin your discussion that a place’s name is Place-name study can also provide insight to religious changes in an area, such as the conversion to Christianity. The practice of buying, selling, trading toponyms is growing, especially in large areas largely within the fold of popular culture. A geographic names board is an official body established by a government to decide on official names for geographical areas and features. … Toponymy: DEFINITION: Classification of Place Names: Provide a definition and example for each one. Write. 3 Sense of Place Assignment AP Human Geography Directions: Create a 7-10-page document in Google Presentation that conveys a sense of place for a location of your choosing. AP Human Geography. Oral translation requires at least some degree of bilingualism on the part of both parties communicating the place-name. Berg, Lawrence D. and Jani Vuolteenaho. The exact application of a toponym, its specific language, its pronunciation, and its origins and meaning are all important facts to be recorded during name surveys. the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people. Many of the names of the seas of the world, for example, have been translated from different languages. Write. It can be a grand estate, industrial site, park, garden, cemetery, campus, and more. Common characteristics . Spell. a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. The adjectival form of the specific is the dominant place-name type in English. Cultural Patterns and Processes. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This nationalization of place names can also manifest itself in a postcolonial context. Spanish names are numerous in the South and Southwest—e.g., Florida, San Antonio, Santa Fe, and San Diego, all of which are Spanish names of Roman Catholic saints or holidays. In a looser usage, however, the term, The toponymy of the United States illustrates this well. It is not to be confused with, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names, United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Geographical Names Board of New South Wales, List of English exonyms for German toponyms, List of French exonyms for Dutch toponyms, List of French exonyms for German toponyms, List of French exonyms for Italian toponyms, List of renamed places in the United States, List of U.S. place names connected to Sweden, Names of European cities in different languages, Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland, List of generic forms in British place names, Toponymical list of counties of the United Kingdom, List of names in English with counterintuitive pronunciations, List of places named for their main products, List of political entities named after people, List of geographic acronyms and initialisms. Adjectives: toponymic and toponymous. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Place names or toponyms are the most common way of describing a location. Toponyms in different nations like Canada, Mexico, and the United States have native terms in their names, such as Saskatchewan and Ottawa in Canada, and Acapulco and Oa… Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. Feature names refer to natural or physical features of the landscape and are subdivided into hydronyms (water features), oronyms (relief features), and places of natural vegetation growth (meadows, glades, groves). Take advantage of our Presidents' Day bonus! QUIZ NEW SUPER DRAFT. Many of the early North American colonial place-names were transferred from native Indian languages in this manner. 65% average accuracy. Scholars have found that toponyms provide valuable insight into the historical geography of a particular region. Toponymy divides place-names into two broad categories: habitation names and feature names. The dominance of etymology in toponymy has limited the interest in writing as a means of place-name transfer. Information about the folklore, institutional conditions, and social conditions of a place can be understood as well. The City of Chicago is an example of the prepositional place-name, but in common use the preposition and the generic are dropped. Translations of place-names have usually occurred with more important place-names or with large features. Geography offers a set of concepts, skills, and tools that facilitate critical thinking and problem solving.
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